Transformative learning theory is an adult learning application through which learners are confronted with a “disorienting dilemma” that they have to then work through in order to transform their understanding (Johnson and Olanoff, 2020). I learned that in grad school. A disorienting dilemma . Apparently, this refers to a problem that presents you with an outcome that goes against your previously held beliefs. Here’s one of the classics: You believe that lying and stealing is